基于北斗的超长基线解算在滑坡基准点监测中的应用探讨          下载免费PDF全文

何玉童  汪剑  李宏祥 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2020,31(1):75-78

基于北斗的GNSS监测,因为具有高精度、范围大、易于自动化、全天候等特点,被广泛使用于地质灾害滑坡监测。北斗自动化监测、全站仪监测等位移监测都需要建立一个或者多个基准点,再对滑坡区域进行测量。基准点的定位与形变监测精度精确与否,直接关系的滑坡灾害的监测精度。本文研究了一种基于北斗的超长基线解算软件,用于监测基准点的变化问题,通过测试数据分析探讨了其在滑坡基准点监测中的应用价值。  相似文献   

1920年海原地震滑坡密集区的地震动场地效应研究          下载免费PDF全文

卢育霞  魏来  刘琨  李桐林  郑海忠  王常亚  杨博 《地震工程学报》2020,42(5):1151-1158

地震动作为引起地震灾害的原动力，常常通过造成建筑物倒塌、山体滑坡等形式引起大量人员伤亡和财产损失。1920年海原8½级地震，在震中距80 km远的西吉—静宁交界的黄土丘陵区引发了大量的山体滑坡，并造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。在分析海原地震高烈度区滑坡分布特征的基础上，通过场地调查和数值计算等方法，研究典型滑坡密集场地的地质条件及地震反应特征。研究表明起伏地形和黄土厚度不均等因素造成丘陵山体两侧地震反应的差异，从而导致地震滑坡在斜坡土体较厚的一侧成群连片发育。海原地震造成的滑坡密集区的地形地貌、岩土性质、土层结构等条件决定了该地区地震动随局部场地条件变化非常迅速，地层场地效应和地形场地效应联合作用加剧了斜坡地表的地震动放大作用，增加了触发地震滑坡的动力。  相似文献   

海原大地震诱发石碑塬黄土滑坡机制探讨          下载免费PDF全文

杨博  田文通  孙军杰  刘琨  徐舜华 《地震工程学报》2020,42(5):1165-1172

1920年海原8.5级大地震诱发的石碑黄土塬滑坡，因其规模大、坡度小、滑距远的特点成为业界关注焦点，目前对该滑坡的物理力学过程仍无统一认识。基于此，文章通过理论分析和数值计算方法研究该滑坡初始状态、地震动力响应和流滑发展过程。为分析震前斜坡初始状态，建立考虑斜坡表面拉裂缝中侧向水压力作用的力学计算模型。结果表明，拉裂缝中侧向水压力削弱了斜坡整体稳定状态；为研究地震时斜坡动力响应过程，建立数值计算模型，获得地震时斜坡饱和土层的孔隙水压力比和斜坡位移的变化特性；为解释远程滑坡，将液化后土层等效为流体，借鉴泥流滑距估算理论，求算石碑塬滑坡的滑距，计算结果与前人现场考察结果吻合。  相似文献   

利用地震背景噪声提取西山村滑坡高频面波信号   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

曾求  储日升  曾祥方  崇加军 《地球物理学报》2020,63(5):1830-1843

滑坡体三维速度结构为滑坡治理、灾害防治、风险防范以及理解滑坡的动力学过程提供了关键信息,而高频面波成像是研究浅层速度结构的重要手段.本文详细介绍了利用2016年12月1日在四川理县西山村滑坡上布设的38个仪器记录的三分量连续地震噪声数据,提取1～5Hz的基阶Love波和Rayleigh波经验格林函数,分析了不同参数和处理方法对背景噪声互相关计算结果的影响.结果表明,1天左右的连续波形记录裁剪至1200s的时间长度,进行互相关叠加就可以得到较为稳定的经验格林函数.西山村滑坡体上Love波和Rayleigh波的群速度分别为约400m·s-1和700m·s-1,并且Love波信噪比高于Rayleigh波.此外,我们还利用聚束分析方法对噪声源的位置进行了分析,发现1～5Hz的背景噪声主要来自滑坡东南侧附近杂谷脑河水的搬运作用.这些高频面波数据和噪声源位置为获取滑坡浅层三维速度结构提供了重要输入,同时也为研究滑坡体速度结构随时间的变化提供了基础.  相似文献   

青藏高原东北部青海玉树泥流滑坡特征和成因分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

郝君明  吴通华  李韧  吴晓东  谢昌卫  朱小凡  李旺平  邹德富  胡国杰  杜二计  刘广岳  乔永平 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):447-456

青藏高原变暖变湿， 滑坡灾害频发， 严重影响区域工程建设、 生态环境和人类生产活动。泥流滑坡和热融滑塌、 融冻泥流是季节冻土区和多年冻土区的特殊滑坡类型， 形态上相似， 很难区分。同时， 对青藏高原泥流滑坡灾害关注程度低， 研究较少。以青海省玉树州称多县直美村2017年9月7日泥流滑坡事件为例， 利用实测数据、 多时相遥感影像和无人机数据等多源数据和雷达技术手段进行了调查和分析。研究表明： 滑坡发生在坡积扇， 主滑段平均厚度约5 m， 体积约2.4×10⁴ m³， 滑体的滑动方向和重力作用过程一致， 依据滑坡三级分类系统属于堆积土浅层小型牵引式滑坡， 其形成和发育与当地地质条件、 连续降水和冻融循环作用有关； 然后进一步总结泥流滑坡、 热融滑塌和融冻泥流的特征， 认为玉树滑坡是季节冻土区的泥流滑坡。该研究有助于提高人们对泥流滑坡和青藏高原斜坡灾害的科学认识。  相似文献   

A national rockfall dataset as a tool for analysing the spatial and temporal rockfall occurrence in Germany     

Stefan Rupp  Bodo Damm 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(7):1528-1538

This study presents an evaluation of a comprehensive dataset with information on about 700 recorded rockfall events in Germany for the first time. The focus is on the analysis of monthly distributions of three rockfall clusters in German low mountain ranges and of three elevation classes to provide an overview of the characteristic seasonal occurrence of rockfalls in Germany. Each rockfall distribution is correlated with records of meteorological station clusters which are representative for the long-term climate conditions of the particular rockfall cluster and elevation class, respectively. The stored parameters in the dataset (year of occurrence, rock volumes, slope angles, affected objects) are evaluated to complete the extensive and differentiated overview of rockfalls in Germany. The analyses of the distributions of the three rockfall clusters show a distinct event concentration in the winter months. Differences are apparent between the monthly distributions of the elevation classes in which clear peaks are partially visible. Freeze–thaw cycles are considered to be the major trigger of winter rockfalls in Germany. Overall, the presented results may serve as a basis for further studies in the German low mountain ranges. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Distribution,age, and origin of a submarine landslide deposit in the Pleistocene Kiwada Formation,forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula,east‐central Japan: Constraints from tephro‐ and biostratigraphy          下载免费PDF全文

Masayuki Utsunomiya 《Island Arc》2018,27(4)

A mass‐transport deposit named MTD1 (up to 100 m in thickness) is intercalated in the upper Kiwada Formation, a Pleistocene forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula, east‐central Japan. The present study aims to examine the origin, age, and distribution of MTD1. MTD1 consists mainly of mudstone blocks containing thin very fine‐ to medium‐grained sandstones, and ranges from tens of centimeters to more than tens of meters in length and thickness. Correlation of marker tuff beds and application of the biostratigraphy of calcareous nannofossils suggest that the blocks in MTD1 were derived from the underlying strata. The total thickness of the stratified blocks from the different stratigraphic horizons exceeds 60 m, implying that MTD1 originated from deeply‐excavated slope failure. The slope failure occurred in a short time interval at ca 1.3 Ma. MTD1 provides an estimate of the height of the escarpment on the basis of the stratigraphic origin of the blocks.  相似文献   

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AD 1556 HUAXIAN EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED DISASTERS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS     

XU Yue-ren  ZHANG Wei-heng  LI Wen-qiao  HE Hong-lin  TIAN Qin-jian 《地震地质》2018,40(4):721-737

A complete understanding to the disasters triggered by giant earthquakes is not only crucial to effectively evaluating the reliability of existing earthquake magnitude, but also supporting the seismic hazard assessment. The great historical earthquake with estimated magnitude of M8.5 in Huaxian County on the 23^rd January 1556, which caused a death toll of more than 830 000, is the most serious earthquake on the global record. But for a long time, the knowledge about the hazards of this earthquake has been limited to areas along the causative Huashan piedmont fault(HSPF) and within the Weihe Basin. In this paper, we made a study on earthquake triggered landslides of the 1556 event along but not limited to the HSPF. Using the high-resolution satellite imagery of Google Earth for earthquake-triggered landslide interpretation, we obtained two dense loess landslides areas generated by the 1556 earthquake, which are located at the east end and west end of the HSPF. The number of the interpreted landslides is 1 515 in the west area(WA), which is near to the macro-epicentre, and 2 049 in the east area(EA), respectively. Based on the empirical relationship between the landslide volume and area, we get the estimated landslide volume of 2.85~6.40km³ of WA and EA, which is equivalent or bigger than the value of ~2.8km³ caused by Wenchuan earthquake of M_W7.9 on 12^th May 2008. These earthquake triggered landslides are the main cause for the death of inhabitants living in houses or loess house caves located outside of the basin, such as Weinan, Lintong, Lantian(affected by WA) and Lingbao(affected by EA). Our results can help deeply understand the distribution characteristics of coseismic disaster of the 1556 Huaxian earthquake to the south of Weihe Basin, and also provide important reference for the modification of the isoseismals.  相似文献   

高密度电阻率法在废弃矿山滑坡灾害勘察中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

孙平  崔乐宁  周强 《山东国土资源》2018,34(3)

高密度电阻率法是一种成熟的工程物探方法,广泛应用于地质灾害调查。废弃矿山在不良天气条件下容易产生滑坡地质灾害。对由废弃渣石、杂填土人工堆积形成的滑坡体进行勘察,研究高密度电阻率法在该环境下的勘察效果。通过对视电阻率反演断面图分析,推断滑动面深度、滑床起伏形态等滑坡体地质结构信息,为废弃矿山滑坡灾害治理设计提供依据。钻探验证表明,高密度电阻率法有效的推断出滑坡体滑动面深度、滑床起伏形态信息,可用于废弃矿山滑坡灾害勘察。  相似文献   

Reliability analysis of submarine slope considering the spatial variability of the sediment strength using random fields     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The properties of marine sediments vary spatially, and the undrained shear strength of marine clay increases linearly with depth because of depositional processes and the effective overburden pressure. To evaluate the stability of submarine slope considering the spatial variability of soil strength, the random field discretized by the Karhunen-Loève expansion is combined with the limit equilibrium method to conduct reliability analysis. For simplicity, our physical model does not include many complexities such as the effects of excess pore water pressure on the stability of submarine slopes. Stability estimates of the infinite slope model, under both static and seismic loading, are made with three types of one-dimensional stationary or non-stationary random fields. The two-dimensional slope model is also analyzed, where the shear strength varies with the positions of the strips because of the discrete random-field function for the soil material. In submarine slope reliability analysis, the non-stationary random field of the linearly increasing soil strength is used, instead of the commonly used stationary one. To obtain the failure probability through Monte Carlo simulations, a novel response surface method based on Gaussian process regression is introduced to build the surrogate model. The computational efficiency is significantly increased, because there is a considerable reduction of calls of the deterministic analysis. Therefore, the proposed method makes the prediction of submarine landslides which are usually rare events with very small probabilities more efficient.  相似文献